В английском языке герундий и инфинитив часто взаимозаменяемы и выполняют в предложениях одну и ту же функцию.
Герундий (Gerund) в английском языке обладает свойствами как глагола так и существительного. Так как в русском языке герундия нет, его чаще всего переводят как отглагольное существительное (например, smoking – курение) или глагол в начальной форме. Образуется английский герундий, как и причастие, путем прибавления окончания –ING к глаголу в форме инфинитива без частицы TO.
To study – studying
To keep – keeping


Если инфинитив заканчивается на букву «-Е», то в герундии она опускается:
To give - giving


Если односложный инфинитив заканчивается на согласную букву, которой предшествует краткий гласный звук, то согласная буква удваивается:
To get - getting


То же правило работает в отношении многосложных инфинитивов, если ударение падает на последний слог, в котором есть краткий гласный звук:
To refer - referring


При образовании герундия удваивается также буква «L”, если она стоит в конце инфинитива.
To cancel - cancelling


Герундий может употребляться в простой форме (Simple) – showing (Active voice)/being shown (Passive voice)

или

в совершенной форме (Perfect) - having shown (Active voice)/having been shown (Passive voice).

Употребление герундия 


1. Герундий употребляется в следующих паттернах (после «глагол + предлог»):

To accuse of Please don't accuse me of forgetting to lock the door
To be afraid of She was afraid of upsetting her parents
To be capable (incapable) of With the battery removed, the car was incapable of being driven
To be disappointed at Met Office disappointed at losing BBC weather forecasting contract
To be engaged in Despite her illness, she remains engaged in working for charity
To be fond of I’m fond of travelling
To be interested in He's interested in buying a car
To be proud of I’m proud of being your daughter
To be responsible for Her department is responsible for overseeing the councils
To be surprised at I was surprised at him doing it
To consist in His work as a consultant consists in advising foreign companies
To count on/upon I was counting on getting a raise when I made the decision to purchase a house
To depend on/upon Choosing the right account depends on working out your likely average balance
To get used to

I am getting used to speaking Japanese
To hear of Anyone ever heard of this being done?
To insist on I don't know why you insist on talking about it
To object to I really object to being charged for parking
To persist in  John persists in thinking that he's always right
To prevent from Rubber seals are fitted to prevent gas from escaping
To result in Icy conditions resulted in two roads being closed
To succeed in Very few people succeed in losing weight
To suspect of  Ted was suspected of leaving the door unlocked when he left last Friday
To think of He was thinking of becoming a zoologist
To worry about When I go out I always worry about losing my keys



2. Герундий употребляется после определенных глаголов:

Admit He is unwilling to admit being jealous of his brother
Adore  Don't you just adore lying in a hot bath?
Advise I advise selling your old car
Appreciate I appreciate your making the effort to come
Avoid I try to avoid going shopping on Saturdays
Busy She's busy writing out the wedding invitations
Can’t stand/help Can't help falling in love
 Complete  He's just completed filming his 1st film
 Consider   We're considering selling the house
 Contemplate  I'm contemplating going abroad for a year
 Delay  I think we should delay deciding about this until next year
 Deny  He denies breaking the window
 Detest  I detest having to get up when it’s dark outside
 Dread  I'm dreading having to meet his parents
 Enjoy  I enjoy meeting people and seeing new places
 Escape  How to escape going to school?
 Excuse  Excuse my interrupting you
 Envisage  When do you envisage finishing the project?
 Fancy  I didn't fancy swimming in that water
 Feel like  I feel like going for a swim
 Finish   Have you finished reading that magazine?
 Imagine  Imagine spending all that money on a coat!
 Justify  The fact that we are at war does not justify treating innocent people as criminals
 Keep  He keeps trying to distract me
 Mind/don’t mind  Do you have a boyfriend, if you don't mind me asking?
 Miss  I only just missed being run over by a bus this morning
 Permit  The prison authorities permit visiting only once a month
 Postpone  We've had to postpone going to France because the children are ill
 Practise  His written French is very good but he needs to practise speaking it
 Put off  All this rain really puts you off going out after work


Quit

 I'm going to quit smoking
Recall A place I recall visiting when I was young
Report  Spies reported seeing a build-up of soldiers
Resent He resents having to explain his work to other people
Resist She couldn’t resist asking him about his date
Resume  He stopped to take a sip of water and then resumed speaking
Risk  He risked losing his house when his company went bankrupt
Suggest I suggested putting the matter to the committee
Tolerate He won’t tolerate anyone questioning his decisions
Worth It's worth trying

 

3. Герундий часто употребляется после следующих существительных c предлогом:

Apology (for) Please accept my apology for being so late
Art (of) The art of baking
Astonishment (at) He could not conceal his astonishment at seeing them together
Chance (of) There is no chance of seeing him till Monday
Disappointment (at) The disappointment of doing something amazing while no one was watching
Experience (in) How was your experience in doing a research project?


Fear (of)

 Fear of flying is a fear of being on an airplane
Habit (of) To acquire the habit of reading is to construct for yourself a refuge from almost all the miseries of life
Idea (of) She has an idea of becoming an engineer
Importance (of) The Importance of Being Earnest
Intention (of) I have no intention of going to the wedding
Interest (in)  Interest in becoming a police officer
Method (of)  Principles and methods of teaching
Necessity (of) The necessity of learning English cannot be overstated
Objection (to) Do you have any objections to working overtime if necessary?


Opportunity (of)

 The reason I would like to study in Britain is to have the opportunity of working for Dyson
Plan (for) I have worked out a plan for making a lot of money
Pleasure (of) I'd travel a thousand miles just for the pleasure of meeting you
Possibility (of) He talked about the possibility of getting married
Preparation (for) Preparations for opening of the new school
Problem (of) They discussed the problem of bullying in schools
Process (of) The process of obtaining a driver's license
Reason (for) One of his reasons for coming to England was to make money
Surprise (at) They couldn't conceal their surprise at seeing us together
Way (of) A way of doing things


4. Герундий употребляется в предложении в роли подлежащего, именной части сказуемого или определения:

Swimming is pleasant.
My greatest pleasure is travelling.
He enjoyed sitting in the sun.

5. Некоторые глаголы могут употребляться как с герундием так и с инфинитивом:

To allow  You're not allowed talking/to talk during the exam
To attempt He attempted escaping/to escape through a window
To begin Jane has just begun learning/to learn to drive
To bother You'd have found it if you'd bothered looking/to look
To cease

He will cease being/to be prime minister
To continue If she continues drinking/to drink like that, I'll have to carry her home
To intend We intend to go. They intend going
To permit Weather that permits sailing/you are permitted to smoke
To recommend I recommend visiting Paris/I recommend that you visit Paris
To start  They started building/to build the house in January

 

С глаголами hate, like/dislike, love, prefer герундий употребляется, если мы говорим о предпочтениях в общем смысле:

I hate swimming – Я ненавижу плавать

I love swimming - Я люблю плавать

Если мы говорим о конкретной ситуации, месте и времени, с этими глаголами употребляется инфинитив:

I prefer to read...

I would like to eat....

Значение следующих глаголов зависит от того, используются ли они с герундием или инфинитивом:


Remember
+ герундий = вы помните что-то из прошлого

I remember locking the door.

+ инфинитив = помнить, что вы что-то должны сделать

I remembered to buy bread.

Forget

+ герундий = забыть, делали ли вы в прошлом это действие (значение противоположно Remember + герундий)

I forget locking the door.

+ инфинитив = забыть что-то сделать (значение противоположно Remember + инфинитив)

Don't forget to buy bread.

Try

+ герундий = попытаться решить проблему/экспериментальное решение проблемы-задачи

It was too hot in the room. I tried opening the window.

+ инфинитив = стараться/прилагать усилия

I tried to open the window, but I couldn't because it was stuck.

Stop

+герундий = закончить процесс/действие

I stopped working for this company.

+ инфинитив = прервать действие, чтобы сделать что-то другое (временно)

I stopped to have a break.

Regret

+герундий = жалеть, что вы сделали что-то в прошлом

I regret telling my friend my biggest secret.

+ инфинитив = выражение сожаления, когда нужно сообщить плохие новости (формальный стиль)

I regret to inform you that you have not been selected for interview.

Go on

+ герундий = описывает продолжение предыдущей активности

After dinner he went on showing us his photos.

+ инфинитив = описывает деятельность, которая продолжает предыдущую, и связана с ней

He gave us a lecture on the Greek history. And then he went on to show us his photos from Greece.