Если подлежащее обозначает лицо или предмет, совершающий действие, то глагол употребляется в форме действительного залога (Active voice).
Если же подлежащее обозначает лицо или предмет, подвергающийся действию со стороны другого лица или предмета, то глагол употребляется в форме страдательного залога (Passive voice).
Времена страдательного залога образуется при помощи глагола to be в соответствующем времени и формы причастия прошедшего времени (Past Participle) смыслового глагола.
Когда мы употребляем страдательный залог, мы акцентируем внимание на действии, и нам не всегда важно, а иногда неизвестно, кто это действие совершил.


Active voice: William Shakespeare wrote Hamlet in 1602


Passive voice: Hamlet was written in 1602

 

Tense Active Passive
Simple Present Once a week, I clean the house Once a week, the house is cleaned by me
Present Continuous I am writing the letter The letter is being written by me
Simple Past They built the house last year The house was built last year
Past Continuous They were discussing this question when he entered the room This question was being discussed when he entered the room
Present Perfect Many visitors have visited that city That city has been visited by many visitors
Present Perfect Continuous Mike has been doing this work for two hours This work has been being done by Mike for two hours
Past Perfect He showed me the book which his father had written He showed me the book which had been written by his father
Past Perfect Continuous They had been discussing the plan for 3 hours before I came. The plan had been being discussed for 3 hours when I came.
Simple Future
(will)		 They will finish the work today The work will be finished today
Simple Future
(be going to)		 I am going to send him a letter A letter is going to be sent by me
Future Continuous
(will)		 I shall be writing a letter to him tomorrow A letter will be being written tomorrow
Future Perfect (will) We will have translated the article by 3 pm  The article will have been translated by 3 pm
Future Perfect
(be going to)		 We are going to have translated the article by 3 pm The article is going to have been translated by 3 pm
Used to I used to pay all utility bills All utility bills used to be paid by me
Must You must see this film This film must be seen
Future Simple in the Past
(would)		 He said that they would built the house next year He said that the house would be built next year
Future Perfect in the Past I said that I should have built the house by January I said that the house would have been built by January

 

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