Значение суффиксов в английском языке (Suffixes)
В английском языке словообразование с трансформацией из одной части речи в другую осуществляется, как правило, с помощью суффикса (suffix).
Суффикс — это часть слова, которая находится после корня и обычно служит для образования новых слов или форм данного слова.
Происхождение и значение новых слов или форм можно проследить. если вы знаете значение корня и суффикса.
Мы можем добавить к слову более одного суффикса:
promote (verb) + ation → promotion (noun) + al → promotional (adjective)
Список наиболее распространенных английских суффиксов (suffixes)
Суффиксы существительных
| Suffix | Meaning | Example |
| -al | action, result of action |
|
| -ment |
|
disappointment, argument |
| -ist | person or object that does a specified action | Marxist, communist |
| -ism | doctrine, act, practice, condition | Marxism, communism |
| -ity/-ty |
|
equality, cruelty |
| -ness | state, condition, quality | kindness, happiness, weakness |
| -ee | receiver, performer | nominee, employee, trainee |
| -dom | condition of, state | stardom, boredom, kingdom |
| -age | action or process | bondage, postage, orphanage |
| -ance/-ence | action, state, quality or process | independence, reliance |
| -hood | state, condition, or quality |
|
| -er/-or | person or thing that does something | writer, member, collector |
| -ship | state or condition of, skill of | membership, citizenship |
| -sion/-tion/-xion | state or quality | population, depression, tension |
| -ry | state, condition, or quality | housewifery, pleasantry, robbery |
| -acy | state or quality | adequacy, democracy, supremacy |
| -ess | female | actress, goddess, waitress |
Суффиксы прилагательных
| Suffix | Meaning | Example |
| -en | material | golden, wooden, silken |
| -ese | nationality | Chinese, Japanese |
| -able/-ible | capable of being | audible, edible, drinkable |
| -ful | having, giving, notable for | forgetful, skilful, hopeful |
|
-i |
nationality | Iraqi, Pakistani, Yemeni |
| -al | having the form or character of | formal, thermal, brutal |
| -ic | having the form or character of | poetic, classic |
| -ive |
|
productive, informative, active |
|
-ish |
having the character of | childish, newish, Spanish |
|
-less |
without | hopeless, helpless, homeless |
| -ian | relating to | Canadian, utopian, pediatrician |
| -y |
|
hungry, rainy, windy |
| -ly | in the manner of | monthly, yearly, fluently |
| -ous | full of | adventurous, famous, courageous |
| -esque | in a manner of or resembling | picturesque, grotesque |
Суффиксы глаголов
| Suffix | Meaning | Example |
| -en | to cause to become | lengthen, soften, harden |
| -ise/-ize | cause, treat, become | fantasise, antagonise, popularise |
| -ate | kind of state | complicate, obstinate, affectionate |
| -ify | cause | specify, clarify, identify |
Суффиксы наречий
| Suffix | Meaning | Example |
| -wise | in relation to | otherwise, clockwise, likewise |
| -ly | related to or quality | calmly, easily, quickly |
| -ward(s) | direction | downwards, towards, afterwards |
Здесь вы можете прочитать о значении английских приставок