Сравнительные структуры в английском языке
Базовые сравнительные конструкции:
1. Мы используем more или most перед существительными, наречиями и двух- и более сложных прилагательными с суффиксами -ful, -less и -ing или с прилагательными с ударным вторым слогом.
She works more effectively than anyone I know.
She is the most useful member of the team.
2. Мы добавляем -er и -est к односложным прилагательным и двусложным, если второй слог безударный.
Birmingham is smaller than London.
Mexico City is one of the largest cities in the world.
3. Сравнить две ситуации или двух людей, можно с помощью двух конструкции as + adjective/adverb +as.
I don't go out as often as I'd like to.
Большую разницу выражают конструкции nothing like, or nowhere near.
She's nowhere near as good as me at chess.
Для того чтобы выразить небольшую разницу, можно использовать слова almost или nearly.
He's almost as good as me.
Если событиями, людьми, вещами нет разницы, можно использовать equally, just или every bit.
I'm just as good as you.
Both girls are equally beautiful.
Модифицирующие сравнительные конструкции
большая разница | небольшая разница | |
формальный стиль | significantly, infinitely,decidedly,considerably | fractionally, marginally |
нейтральный стиль | much, a good deal, a great deal, (by) far, a lot, easily, not nearly, nothing like, nowhere near as... as |
barely (any), a bit, hardly (any), a little, scarcely (any), slightly, somewhat, nearly, not quite as... as, rather, much the same as...
|
неформальный стиль | miles, way, loads |
I earn a great deal more now than I did ten years ago.
This is easily the best film I've ever seen.
I'm way better than you at English.
You're nowhere near as good as me at English.
The city is much the same as it was 20 years ago.
He's just about the nicest person I know.
I see loads more people than I used to.
Двойные сравнения
Для того чтобы сказать, что одна ситуация ведет к другой, мы используем двойное сравнение с артиклем the.
The more you read, the more you'll learn.
The more I see him, the more I like him.
Прогрессивные сравнительные конструкции
Чтобы показать развитие ситуации, мы можем использовать прогрессивные сравнения. Чтобы сделать акцент на прилагательном, сравнительные выражения можно использовать дважды.
House prices are getting higher and higher.
Сравнительные конструкции можно использовать, чтобы сравнить два разных качества:
His behaviour was more strange than suspicious.
I'm not so much angry as relieved.
So/such; too/enough:
so + adjective + that-clause
The demonstration was so peaceful that most of police left.
such a + adjective + noun + that-clause
It was such a peaceful demonstration that most of the police left.
too + adjective (+for infinitive) + to-infinitive
It was too dangerous (for us) to go out at night.
adjective + enough (+for) + to-infinitive
It wasn't safe enough (for us) to go out at night.
As и like
Like + noun = similar to
He looks like a criminal (but he's not).
As + name of job, etc = role, function
He works as a postman (That's his job)
Чтобы выразить свои предпочтения, можно использовать следующие выражения:
I'd want/prefer to pay an on-the spot fine rather than go to court.
I'd (far) sooner/rather live in Paris than London.
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